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How to Calculate P Value from T.
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How to Calculate P Value from T.

Rosemary Njeri

P-value is the probability that a random chance generated the data or something else that is equal or rarer.

The t-value measures the size of the difference relative to the variation in your sample data.

Formula to calculate P value from T.

  • State the null and alternative hypotheses.
  • Find the test statistic.
  • Find the p-value for the test statistic by using the t-Distribution table with n-1 degrees of freedom. .

Example:

Chris wants to know if the mean height of a certain species of plant is equal to 12 inches, he collected a random sample of 20 plants and found that the sample mean is 11 inches and the sample standard deviation is 4 inches. Conduct a t-test using a 0.05 alpha level to determine if the true mean height for the population is actually 12 inches.

We begin by stating the null and alternative hypothesis.

H0: µ = 12

Ha: µ ≠ 12

Then find the test statistic using the formula below.

P Value from T.
  • x is the sample mean
  • μ is the hypothesized mean.
  • s is the sample standard deviation.
  • n is the sample size.
P Value from T.

Then finally, find the p-value for the test statistic by using the t-Distribution table with n-1 degrees of freedom.

= n – 1

= 20 – 1

= 19

P Value from T.

In the t-table above, we need to look at the row that corresponds to 19 on the left-hand side and attempt to look for the absolute value of our test statistic -1.12.

It falls between the two values 0.688 and 1.328, the two alpha levels at the top are 0.25 and 0.10.

This means that the p-value for a one-sided test is between 0.25 and 0.10, which is 0.175. Since its a two sided test we multiply 0.175 by 2 to get 0.35.

Therefore, our estimated p-value is 0.35.

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