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How to Calculate Dipole Moment.
Chemistry

How to Calculate Dipole Moment.

Rosemary Njeri

A dipole moment is a quantity that describes two opposite charges separated by a distance and hence its a vector quantity.

Dipole moments tell us, on average, where the electrons in a molecule are and they can also tell us the shape of molecules.

Formula to calculate dipole moment.

 Calculate Dipole Moment.

Example:

Calculate the dipole moment of a water molecule.

Since the bond moment of the O-H bond is -1.5 Debyes.

The H−O−H bond angle of water is pretty much 104.5 degrees. Then we divide 104.5 by 2 to get 52.25 degrees for each side, then imagine two right angles.

With that, and the fact that cosθ=cos(−θ).

Therefore, our left contribution will be;

= 1.5 x cos ( -52.25 )

= 0.918

And our right contribution will be the same as the left contribution.

= 0.918

Finally, we sum them up.

= 0.918 + 0.918

= 1.836 D

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